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French Location Prepositions (En, Au, Aux, Chez, Devant)

Master French prepositions for expressing location and position. Learn en, au, aux, chez, devant, derrière with countries, places, and positions

intermediate
16 min read

Understanding Location Prepositions

French location prepositions express where something is or where someone is going. They are essential for describing positions, destinations, and spatial relationships. Location prepositions have specific rules depending on: Gender and number of countries Type of place (home, business, institution) Spatial relationships (in front of, behind, next to) Mastering these prepositions is crucial for giving directions and describing locations.

Examples

J'habite en Espagne. (I live in Spain.)
Feminine country uses en
Il va au Japon. (He goes to Japan.)
Masculine country uses au
Elle est chez le médecin. (She is at the doctor's.)
At someone's place uses chez

Countries and Continents

Prepositions with countries depend on their gender and number:

EN - Feminine Countries

Use EN with feminine countries (most ending in -e):
Je vis en France. (I live in France.)
Elle va en Italie. (She goes to Italy.)
Il habite en Espagne. (He lives in Spain.)
Nous voyageons en Allemagne. (We travel to Germany.)

AU - Masculine Countries

Use AU with masculine countries:
Il va au Japon. (He goes to Japan.)
Elle habite au Canada. (She lives in Canada.)
Nous allons au Brésil. (We go to Brazil.)
Il travaille au Mexique. (He works in Mexico.)

AUX - Plural Countries

Use AUX with plural countries:
Il va aux États-Unis. (He goes to the United States.)
Elle habite aux Pays-Bas. (She lives in the Netherlands.)

Country Gender Rules

How to determine country gender:

Country Prepositions

PronounConjugationEnglish
Feminine (-e)en + countryen France, en Chine, en Russie
Masculineau + countryau Japon, au Canada, au Maroc
Pluralaux + countryaux États-Unis, aux Philippines
Islandsà + islandà Cuba, à Madagascar

Cities and Regions

Different rules apply to cities and regions:

Examples

Je vais à Paris. (I go to Paris.)
Cities use à
Il habite à New York. (He lives in New York.)
All cities use à

Cities

All cities use À regardless of gender:
à Londres (to/in London)
à Tokyo (to/in Tokyo)
à Rome (to/in Rome)
à Berlin (to/in Berlin)

French Regions

French regions follow country rules:
en Provence (feminine region)
en Bretagne (feminine region)
dans le Nord (masculine region with article)
dans les Alpes (plural region)

CHEZ - At Someone's Place

Chez means "at someone's place" or "at a professional's":

Examples

Je vais chez Marie. (I'm going to Marie's place.)
At someone's home
Il est chez le médecin. (He is at the doctor's.)
At a professional's office
Nous mangeons chez mes parents. (We eat at my parents' place.)
At family's home

CHEZ Usage Patterns

Common uses of chez:

CHEZ Uses

PronounConjugationEnglish
People's homeschez + personchez Pierre, chez nous
Professionalschez le/la + professionchez le dentiste, chez la coiffeuse
Businesseschez + business namechez Carrefour, chez McDonald's
Characteristicschez + groupchez les Français (among the French)

CHEZ vs À LA MAISON

Distinction between chez and à la maison:
chez moi (at my place - specific person)
à la maison (at home - general concept)

Position and Direction Prepositions

Prepositions expressing spatial relationships:

DEVANT (In Front Of)

Expressing position in front:
La voiture est devant la maison. (The car is in front of the house.)
Il attend devant l'école. (He waits in front of the school.)

DERRIÈRE (Behind)

Expressing position behind:
Le jardin est derrière la maison. (The garden is behind the house.)
Elle se cache derrière l'arbre. (She hides behind the tree.)

À CÔTÉ DE (Next To)

Expressing position beside:
La banque est à côté du supermarché. (The bank is next to the supermarket.)
Il s'assoit à côté de moi. (He sits next to me.)

Other Position Prepositions

Additional spatial prepositions:

Position Prepositions

PronounConjugationEnglish
près denearprès de la gare (near the station)
loin defar fromloin de Paris (far from Paris)
en face deacross fromen face de l'école (across from school)
au-dessus deaboveau-dessus de la table (above the table)

Institutions and Buildings

Specific prepositions for institutions and buildings:

Examples

à l'école (at/to school)
à l'hôpital (at/to the hospital)
à la banque (at/to the bank)
au bureau (at/to the office)

Common Institutions

Prepositions with common places:
à l'université (at/to university)
à la bibliothèque (at/to the library)
au musée (at/to the museum)
à la poste (at/to the post office)

EN vs À with Institutions

Some institutions can use different prepositions:
à l'école (going to/at school - specific)
en classe (in class - general state)

Transportation and Movement

Prepositions with means of transportation:

Examples

en voiture (by car)
en train (by train)
à pied (on foot)
à vélo (by bike)

Transportation Prepositions

Different prepositions for different transport:

Transportation

PronounConjugationEnglish
EN + encloseden voiture, en trainby car, by train
À + open/personalà pied, à véloon foot, by bike
EN + air/seaen avion, en bateauby plane, by boat
Special casesdans le bus, dans le métroon the bus, on the metro

Common Location Preposition Mistakes

Here are frequent errors students make: 1. Wrong country prepositions: Using en with masculine countries 2. City confusion: Using en with cities instead of à 3. Chez misuse: Using chez with places instead of people 4. Missing contractions: Not contracting prepositions with articles

Examples

Je vais en Japon Je vais au Japon
Wrong: Japon is masculine, needs au
Il habite en Paris Il habite à Paris
Wrong: cities always use à
Je vais chez l'école Je vais à l'école
Wrong: chez is for people, not places
à côté de le magasin à côté du magasin
Wrong: must contract de + le = du